Improving Energy Efficiency of MANET using Multicast Routing Protocol: A Review

In our earth 75% covered by water that could be river and ocean also. The underwater sensor network are enabling technology and become more and more popular for monitoring vast area of oceans. Underwater sensor Networks consist of a variable number of sensors that are deployed to perform monitoring tasks over a given area. The UWSNs provide continuous monitoring for various applications like ocean sampling network, pollution monitoring, submarine detection, disaster prevention, etc. In this paper, we discuss the internal architecture of underwater sensor, we discussed the literature of underwater sensor network, different architectures for two-dimensional and three-dimensional underwater sensor networks are discussed, and we also discussed the application and main problem or issue in underwater sensor network

Implementation of Multicast Routing Protocol on MANET

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have been showed as a promising technology to monitor and explore the oceans in lieu of traditional undersea wireline instruments. Nevertheless, the data gathering of UWSNs is still severely limited because of the acoustic channel communication characteristics. One way to improve the data collection in UWSNs is through the design of routing protocols considering the unique characteristics of the underwater acoustic communication and the highly dynamic network topology. In this paper, we propose the GEDAR routing protocol for UWSNs. GEDAR is an anycast, geographic and opportunistic routing protocol that routes data packets from sensor nodes to multiple sonobuoys (sinks) at the sea�s surface. When the node is in a communication void region, GEDAR switches to the recovery mode procedure which is based on topology control through the depth adjustment of the void nodes, instead of the traditional approaches using control messages to discover and maintain routing paths along void region